From Cemetery to Clinic | University of Bradford

Historical Clinical X-Radiographs

This page contains a digital archive of 400 historic clinical x-radiographs taken of living leprous patients in Ethiopia 30 years ago. This collection was donated to University of Bradford by Jos Andersen. They are a valuable bridge between suspected modern cases and the major pathological remodelling seen in the morbid specimens from the former leprosarium at Chichester.

1: concentric diaphyseal remodelling metatarsal 5 and all phalanges
**©BARC**

2: Adolescent: early resorbtion of terminal phalanges
**©BARC**

3: Moderate claw-hand deformity with early resorbtion of some terminal phalanges
**©BARC**

4: No overt pathology
**©BARC**

5: diffuse atrophy of phalanges and distal metatarsals: contraction deformation of toes
**©BARC**

6: adolescent: early contraction deformation of toes
**©BARC**

7: Absorbtion and fusion of most phalanges: diffuse atrophy of distal metatarsi
**©BARC**

8: smooth bony deposition on tibiae
**©BARC**

9: clubbing of both feet: destruction of most phalanges: fusion of tarsals: concentric diaphyseal remodelling of metatarsals
**©BARC**

**10:** destruction of phalanges: destruction and fusion of metatarsals: fusion of tarsals
**©BARC**

**11:** loss of anterior nasal spine
**©BARC**

**12:** concentric diaphyseal remodelling and destruction of phalanges
**©BARC**

**13:** edentulous: loss of anterior nasal spine
**©BARC**

**14:** concentric diaphyseal remodelling and destruction of phalanges: collapse of longitudinal arch: tarsal bars
**©BARC**

**15:** below knee amputation of right tib & fib
**©BARC**

**16:** claw hands: destruction of most phalanges: fusion of carpals: fusion of metatarso-phalangeal joints of thumbs
**©BARC**

**17:** irregular new bone formation on both tibiae and fibuli
**©BARC**

**18:** claw hands: splaying of little fingers: concentric diaphyseal remodelling and destruction of many phalanges:
**©BARC**

**19:** destruction of intermediate and distal phalanges:
**©BARC**

**20:** early collapse of longitudinal arch
**©BARC**

**21:** loss of anterior nasal spine
**©BARC**

**22:** boat shaped foot: destruction of phalanges: concentric diaphyseal remodelling metatarsals: contraction and elevation of remaining two toes
**©BARC**

**23:** destruction of most phalanges: concentric diaphyseal remodelling right first and second metatarsal
**©BARC**

**24:** smooth bony deposition on tibia:atrophy of shaft of fibula
**©BARC**

**25:** loss of anterior nasal spine
**©BARC**

**26:** no overt pathology
**©BARC**

**27:** clubbing of both feet: destruction of all phalanges: fusion of tarsals: concentric diaphyseal remodelling of metatarsals
**©BARC**

**28:** No overt pathology
**©BARC**

**29:** early loss of anterior nasal spine
**©BARC**

**30:** destruction of most distal phalanges: concentric diaphyseal remodelling of intermediate and proximal phalanges: concentric diaphyseal remodelling 2nd right metacarpal: joint subluxation left thumb
**©BARC**

**31:** destruction of most phalanges except left proximal phalanges of rays 4&5
**©BARC**

**32:** loss of anterior nasal spine
**©BARC**

**33:** destruction of all phalanges: advanced concentric diaphyseal remodelling of all metatarsals: fusion and diffuse atrophy of tarsals
**©BARC**

**34:** No overt pathology
**©BARC**

**35:** No overt pathology
**©BARC**

**36:** destruction of ray 5 of both feet: destroction of most phalanges: concentric diaphyseal remodelling of metatarsals: contraction and elevation of toes on left: fusion and diffuse atrophy of tarsals
**©BARC**

**37:** destruction of most phalanges: concentric diaphyseal remodelling of the six remaining
**©BARC**

**38:** loss of anterior nasal spine and all upper teeth
**©BARC**

**39:** loss of anterior nasal spine
**©BARC**

**40:** destruction of nearly all phalanges: advanced concentric diaphyseal remodelling of all metatarsals: fusion of tarsals: diffuse atrophy of both
**©BARC**

**41:** left foot - contraction and elevation of remaining toes: right foot - destruction of phalanges and distal of metatarsals: fusion of tarsals
**©BARC**

**42:** left hand - destruction of intermediate and distal phalanges: right hand - concentric diaphyseal remodelling proximal phalanges: bony outgrowth distal of metacarpal 3
**©BARC**

**43:** No overt pathology
**©BARC**

**44:** destruction of most phalanges: concentric diaphyseal remodelling and fusion of distal metatarsals
**©BARC**

**45:** claw hands with destruction of most distal phalanges: fusion and subluxation of most interphalangeal joints
**©BARC**

**46:** early loss of anterior nasal spine
**©BARC**

**47:** No overt pathology
**©BARC**

**48:** thickening of plantar aponeurosis: diffuse atrophy distal phalanges
**©BARC**

**49:** loss of anterior nasal spine: anterior maxillary teeth lost or mobile
**©BARC**

**50:** no overt pathology
**©BARC**

**51:** collapse of longitudinal arch of both: loss of toes on right foot
**©BARC**

**52:** loss of most phalanges: concentric diaphyseal remodelling of metatarsals with destruction of metatarso-phalangeal joints
**©BARC**

**53:** loss of anterior nasal spine
**©BARC**

**54:** No overt pathology
**©BARC**

**55:** loss of distal phalanges and right hallux: left hallux almost destroyed: destruction and concentric diaphyseal remodelling of proximal phalanges:
**©BARC**

**56:** loss of anterior nasal spine
**©BARC**

**57:** arthritic change
**©BARC**

**58:** early contraction deformation of toes
**©BARC**

**59:** collapse of longitudinal arch: bony plaque on sole of calcaneus: loss of anterior nasal spine
**©BARC**

**60:** bowing
**©BARC**

**61:** early loss of anterior nasal spine
**©BARC**

**62:** destruction of all phalanges: left foot - destruction of all metatarsals: right foot - concentric diaphyseal remodelling of all metatarsals: fusion and atrophy of all tarsals of both feet
**©BARC**

**63:** mid tibia amputation of left leg
**©BARC**

**64:** destruction of all phalanges and metatarsals: compression and fusion of tarsals
**©BARC**

**65:** loss of all phalanges: concentric diaphyseal remodelling metatarsals:
**©BARC**

**66:** contraction deformation and elevation of toes
**©BARC**

**67:** destruction of most intermediate and distal phalanges: claw hands with fusion and subluxation of 5 inter-phalangeal joints
**©BARC**

**68:** No overt pathology
**©BARC**

**69:** early loss of anterior nasal spine
**©BARC**

**70:** very early claw hand
**©BARC**

**71:** loss of most intermediate and distal phalanges: complete loss of finger 3 of right hand:
**©BARC**

**72:** Phalanges destroyed: Metacarpals severe concentric diaphyseal remodelling with truncation: Carpals:
**©BARC**

**73:** claw hands: loss of left 4th finger: concentric diaphyseal remodelling, joint subluxation and fusion of remaining phalanges
**©BARC**

**74:** Phalanges: Most distal and intermediate destroyed: concentric diaphyseal remodelling of proximal phalanges.
**©BARC**

**75:** adolescent: no overt leprous changes
**©BARC**

**76:** poor radiograph: Claw hand: Carpals destroyed: Destruction of distal radius and ulna
**©BARC**

**77:** left only: Destruction of intermediate and distal phalanges: concentric diaphyseal remodelling of 2 proximal phalanges.
**©BARC**

**78:** No overt pathology
**©BARC**

**79:** No overt pathology
**©BARC**

**80:** Early claw hands: interphalangeal joint destruction and ankylosis of three distal phalanges
**©BARC**

**81:** Claw hands: destruction of distal and intermediate phalanges:
**©BARC**

**82:** subluxation of joints
**©BARC**

**83:** Destruction of phalanges: Advanced concentric diaphyseal remodelling and shortening of most metacarpals.
**©BARC**

**84:** Destruction of phalanges (left&right): Destruction of metacarpals osteolysis and fusion of carpals (Right).
**©BARC**

**85:** Claw hand Left: destruction of distal phalanges: joint subluxation: volar grooving.
**©BARC**

**86:** Little overt pathology
**©BARC**

**87:** diffuse atrophy
**©BARC**

**88:** No overt pathology
**©BARC**

**89:** Claw hand right: Destruction of intermediate and distal phalanges:
**©BARC**

**90:** No overt leprous pathology
**©BARC**

**91:** Claw hand right: joint subluxation: distal phalanges loss or damage.
**©BARC**

**92:** No overt pathology
**©BARC**

**93:** Claw hand: destruction of some intermediate and distal phalanges: joint subluxation
**©BARC**

**94:** Destruction of intermediate and distal phalanges,interphalangeal joint joint destruction and ankylosis
**©BARC**

**95:** Claw hand: destruction of carpals, proximal of metacarpals and distal ends radius and ulna: Severe longitudinal shortening of hand
**©BARC**

**96:** Claw hand right: Destruction of intermediate and distal phalanges:
**©BARC**

**97:** adolescent: no pathology
**©BARC**

**98:** diffuse atrophy
**©BARC**

**99:** little leprous pathology
**©BARC**

**100:** little leprous pathology
**©BARC**

**101:** little leprous pathology
**©BARC**

**102:** Claw hands: destruction of phalanges:
**©BARC**

**103:** Destruction of most distal phalanges and some intermediate
**©BARC**

**104:** Loss of distal and intermediate phalanges: destruction and collapse of carpals, proximal ends of metacarpals: Severe longitudinal shortening of hand
**©BARC**

**105:** Early destruction and clawing of one distal phalanx
**©BARC**

**106:** Clawed hand: destruction of intermediate and distal phalanges of middle finger, with joint subluxation
**©BARC**

**107:** Some ankylosis of phalangeal joints: Joint subluxation and ankylosis of both thumbs
**©BARC**

**108:** Compression and destruction of carpals, proximal ends of metacarpals, distal and intermediate phalanges
**©BARC**

**109:** No overt pathology
**©BARC**

**110:** Early claw hand deformity: possible early destruction of carpals and proximal metacarpals
**©BARC**

**111:** dramatic irregular expansion of proximal phalanx
**©BARC**

**112:** Destruction of most phalanges: remnants of two proximal phalanges
**©BARC**

**113:** moderate claw hand deformity
**©BARC**

**114:** moderate claw hand deformity
**©BARC**

**115:** claw hand deformity
**©BARC**

**116:** claw hand:small 4th metacarpal
**©BARC**

**117:** Pencilling of left 4th and 5th metatarsals
**©BARC**

**118:** Pencilling of left metatarsals 2-5 with destruction of attached phalanges, joint subluxation of Hallux: right foot - destruction or shortening of phalanges on rays 2-5.
**©BARC**

**119:** Pencilling of Metatarsals: destruction of all phalanges
**©BARC**

**120:** collapse of longitudinal ligament: boat shaped foot: Most phalanges lost
**©BARC**

**121:** contraction deformation of foot and destruction of most intermediate and distal phalanges
**©BARC**

**122:** early collapse of longitudinal arch: subluxation of 1st proximal phalangeal joint
**©BARC**

**123:** severe collapse of longitudinal and transverse arches: destruction of outer tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges
**©BARC**

**124:** severe concentric diaphyseal remodelling of metatarsals 2-5: upward subluxation of and destruction of metatarsal/phalangeal joints:destruction of most intermediate and distal phalanges.
**©BARC**

**125:** severe concentric diaphyseal remodelling of metatarsals 2,3,5 with destruction of distal ends: destruction most phalanges on rays 2-5: thickening and shortening of foot.
**©BARC**

**126:** collapse of calcaneus with shortening of the foot from the rear
**©BARC**

**127:** concentric diaphyseal remodelling of proximal phalanges 2-5: destruction of intermediate and distal phalanges 2-5: subluxation and supero-lateral displacement of metarsal 1 and its phalanges
**©BARC**

**128:** concentric diaphyseal remodelling or destruction of most phalanges: destruction of distal of metatarsal 1 and its phalanges
**©BARC**

**129:** Deep soft-tissue ulceration of plantar surface of heel
**©BARC**

**130:** destruction of phalanges of ray 1
**©BARC**

**131:** collapse of longitudinal arch: boat-shaped foot: ulceration of heel and destruction of calcaneus
**©BARC**

**132:** destruction of metatarsals 4,5 and their phalanges: destruction of distal and intermediate phalanges of rays 1,2,3. Large enthesophyte at attachment of plantar ligament to calcaneus.
**©BARC**

**133:** destruction of metatarsals 4,5 and their phalanges: Proximal ends of 1st metatarsals displaced laterally leading to serpentine distortion of both feet.
**©BARC**

**134:** destruction of distal shafts of metatarsals 2-5, and their attached phalanges
**©BARC**

**135:** concentric diaphyseal remodelling of all proximal phalanges: destruction of intermediate and distal phalanges
**©BARC**

**136:** Destruction of metarsal 5 and all its phalanges: destruction and thickening of foot sole: Large enthesophyte at attachment of plantar ligament to calcaneus.
**©BARC**

**137:** concentric diaphyseal remodelling of all metatarsals with destruction of distal ends: collapse of longitudinal arch, with upward fanning of proximal phalanges
**©BARC**

**138:** complete collapse and reversal of longitudinal arch: concentric diaphyseal remodelling and extreme thinning of metatarsals 2-4: destruction of metatarsal 5: compression and fusion of tarsals: most phalanges eroded
**©BARC**

**139:** destruction of distal majority of metatarsal 5 and its phalanges
**©BARC**

**140:** Early concentric diaphyseal remodelling proximal phalanges
**©BARC**

**141:** Severe concentric diaphyseal remodelling of metatarsals and phalanges: collapse of longitudinal arch
**©BARC**

**142:** Destruction of calcaneus: collapse of longitudinal arch: rounded convex sole of foot
**©BARC**

**143:** diffuse atrophy of hallux
**©BARC**

**144:** concentric diaphyseal remodelling proximal phalanges
**©BARC**

**145:** Extensive ulceration of heel with destruction of calacaneus
**©BARC**

**146:** loss of phalanges and concentric diaphyseal remodelling of metatarsals
**©BARC**

**147:** concentric diaphyseal remodelling or destruction of most phalanges
**©BARC**

**148:** Collapse of longitudinal arch: concentric diaphyseal remodelling of metatarsal 5 and proximal phalanges of rays 1, 5: subluxation of tibio/talar joint
**©BARC**

**149:** early loss of anterior nasal spine
**©BARC**

**150:** early concentric diaphyseal remodelling and clawing of left hand
**©BARC**

**151:** destruction of most phalanges and metatarsals: concentric diaphyseal remodelling of the four remaining metatarsals: both halluces resorbed
**©BARC**

**152:** right foot boat-shaped with destruction of most metatarsals and phalanges: left foot earlier stage of same process
**©BARC**

**153:** no overt pathology apart from notch of left tibia
**©BARC**

**154:** loss of most phalanges and clawing of three remaining fingers: diffuse destruction of distal ends of all metacarpals
**©BARC**

**155:** right foot boat-shaped with destruction of most metatarsals and phalanges: left foot earlier stage of same process: plaques of bone on calcanei
**©BARC**

**156:** severe concentric diaphyseal remodelling of metatarsals and phalanges: contraction deformation and elevation of all toes
**©BARC**

**157:** no overt pathology
**©BARC**

**158:** loss of all finger phalanges: destruction of thumb phalanges: concentric diaphyseal remodelling of 7 metacarpals: fusion of carpals
**©BARC**

**159:** very early loss of anterior nasal spine
**©BARC**

**160:** loss of all phalanges: collapse of longitudinal arch: compaction and fusion of tarsals
**©BARC**

**161:** destruction of most phalanges: concentric diaphyseal remodelling of all metatarsals
**©BARC**

**162:** no overt pathology
**©BARC**

**163:** destruction of most phalanges: collapse of longitudinal arch: fusion of tarsals: thickening and ulceration of soles of feet: irregular bone deposits on distal tibia and fibula
**©BARC**

**164:** destruction of most phalanges: severe concentric diaphyseal remodelling of metatarsals
**©BARC**

**165:** loss of anterior nasal spine
**©BARC**

**166:** osteoporotic with healed fractures of both distal tibiae and fibulae
**©BARC**
$osteoporotic with healed fractures of both distal tibiae and fibulae$

**167:** right severe claw hand deformity: left hand no overt pathology!
**©BARC**

**168:** claw hands, with some joint subluxation: worst on left hand
**©BARC**

**169:** destruction of distal and intermediate phalanges: concentric diaphyseal remodelling proximal phalanges
**©BARC**

**170:** loss and absorbtion of phalanges: thickening of soles:
**©BARC**

**171:** contraction deformation of right foot: left apparently normal
**©BARC**

**172:** edentulous: early loss of anterior nasal spine and anterior alveolus
**©BARC**

**173:** no overt pathology
**©BARC**

**174:** destruction of phalanges: concentric diaphyseal remodelling metatarsals
**©BARC**

**175:** destruction or loss of tarsals: concentric diaphyseal remodelling metatarsals: fusion of tarsals
**©BARC**

**176:** severe claw hands: concentric diaphyseal remodelling phalanges
**©BARC**

**177:** early erosion of distal phalanges
**©BARC**

**178:** subluxation of proximo/intermediate phalangeal joints
**©BARC**

**179:** destruction and fusion of carpals
**©BARC**

**180:** loss of anterior nasal spine
**©BARC**

**181:** poor angulation of radiograph
**©BARC**

**182:** loss of premaxilla region
**©BARC**

**183:** loss of premaxilla region
**©BARC**

**184:** loss of premaxilla region: poor image
**©BARC**

**185:** loss of anterior nasal spine
**©BARC**

**186:** loss of anterior nasal spine
**©BARC**

**187:** loss of anterior nasal spine: collapse of middle third of face
**©BARC**

**188:** loss of anterior nasal spine
**©BARC**

**189:** loss of anterior nasal spine
**©BARC**

**190:** destruction, collapse and fusion of tarsals: concentric diaphyseal remodelling of metatarsals with extreme thinning of MT3,4
**©BARC**

**191:** destruction, collapse and fusion of tarsals: destruction of distal ends of metatarsals and most phalanges
**©BARC**

**192:** destruction and concentric diaphyseal remodelling of most metatarsals and virtually all phalanges
**©BARC**

**193:** destruction and concentric diaphyseal remodelling of metatarsals 2-5 and most phalanges
**©BARC**

**194:** destruction of phalanges of rays 4,5
**©BARC**

**195:** Medial enlargment of soft tissues of Hallux: concentric diaphyseal remodelling proximal phalanges and atrophy of their intermediate and distal extensions
**©BARC**

**196:** fusion and bony proliferation around 1st metatarso-phalangeal joint: contaction deformation and diffuse atrophy of other phalanges: thickening of sole
**©BARC**

**197:** shortened and rounded foot with collapse and fusion of the tarsals: concentric diaphyseal remodelling and twisting of remaining metatarsals: atrophy or complete loss of most phalanges: enthesophyte formation on plantar aspect of calcaneus
**©BARC**

**198:** Gross destruction and fragmentation of phalanges of Hallux
**©BARC**

**199:** Long Achilles enthesophyte attached to disintgrating calcaneus
**©BARC**

**200:** thickened soft tissues around expanded and irregular 1st metatarsal
**©BARC**

**201:** boat-shaped foot: collapse of longitudinal arch: concentric diaphyseal remodelling phalanges
**©BARC**

**202:** horizontal spur on lower surface of calcaneus
**©BARC**

**203:** Severe destruction of all phalanges and distal aspects of metatarsals, with elevation of the toes and spicular outgrowths on MT1
**©BARC**

**204:** concentric diaphyseal remodelling or destruction of all phalanges
**©BARC**

**205:** sclerosis of calcaneus: erosion of talo-calcaneal joint
**©BARC**

**206:** destruction of hallux phalanges: concentric diaphyseal remodelling of all remaining phalanges
**©BARC**

**207:** collapse of longitudinal arch: fusion of tarsals: concentric diaphyseal remodelling and erosion of metatarsals and phalanges
**©BARC**

**208:** most phalanges and metatarsals destroyed: concentric diaphyseal remodelling of remainder: foot short and rounded: lysis and drifting apart of tarsi
**©BARC**

**209:** erosion of hallux metatarsal and phalanges
**©BARC**

**210:** hallux severe cupping of metatarso/phalangeal joint
**©BARC**

**211:** destruction of phalanges of ray 4: Thickening of shafts of metatarsals 2-5
**©BARC**

**212:** multiple radiolucent voids in soft tissues of heel: spiculated and irregular Achilles tendon enthesophytes: swelling of sole of foot
**©BARC**

**213:** collapse of longitudinal arch: compression and extrusion of tarsals
**©BARC**

**214:** adolescent: early cortical splitting
**©BARC**

**215:** Gross thickening and ulceration of soft tissues: destruction of most phalanges and distal ends of the metatarsals
**©BARC**

**216:** boat-shaped foot: diffuse atrophy of all tarsals, even the calcaneus
**©BARC**

**217:** collapse of longitudinal arch: crushing and destruction of tarsals: destruction of phalanges: calcification of Achilles tendon
**©BARC**

**218:** severe boat-shaped foot: destruction of phalanges: contraction deformation of whole foot with fusion of tarsals
**©BARC**

**219:** destruction of MT4: concentric diaphyseal remodelling and contraction deformation and elevation of all phalanges
**©BARC**

**220:** collapse of longitudinal arch: contraction deformation of toes: separation of Achilles attachment
**©BARC**

**221:** erosion and destruction of calcaneus, with crescentic radiolucent lesions
**©BARC**

**222:** no overt pathology
**©BARC**

**223:** collapse of longitudinal arch with sagging of tarsals: flattening of calcaneus
**©BARC**

**224:** contraction deformity of toes: concentric diaphyseal remodelling and diffuse atrophy of distal ends of metatarsi and the attached phalanges
**©BARC**

**225:** some atrophy and fusion of distal phalanges Ray 5
**©BARC**

**226:** concentric diaphyseal remodelling of most phalanges: destruction of distal ends of 4th and 5th metatarsi
**©BARC**

**227:** collapse of longitudinal arch: contraction deformation and elevation of toes: destruction of lateral phalanges
**©BARC**

**228:** concentric diaphyseal remodelling metatarsals: destruction of all phalanges rays 2-5
**©BARC**

**229:** Thickening of tissues of mid-foot: midfoot collapse
**©BARC**

**230:** Destruction of all phalanges and distal ends of metatarsals: Deep ulcer of sole, destroying tarsals
**©BARC**

**231:** Nodule on dorsum. Atrophy of hind and mid-foot. Some dorsal collapse
**©BARC**

**232:** no overt osseous pathology
**©BARC**

**233:** Destruction of soft-tissues of heel and posterior aspect of calcaneus
**©BARC**

**234:** Unhealed fracture of distal of metatarsal 4 with angulation and destruction of its phalanges
**©BARC**
$Unhealed fracture of distal of metatarsal 4 with angulation and destruction of its phalanges$

**235:** collapse of tarsals
**©BARC**

**236:** Destruction of tarso/metatarsal and metatarso/phalangeal joints: Atrophy and destruction of phalanges
**©BARC**

**237:** diffuse atrophy of distal ends of metatarsi and all phalanges
**©BARC**

**238:** Dropped arch with depression of tarsals
**©BARC**

**239:** Destruction of distal ends of metatarsals 4&5 and their phalanges
**©BARC**

**240:** concentric diaphyseal remodelling of ALL metatarsals: destruction of ALL phalanges
**©BARC**

**241:** collapse of mid-foot
**©BARC**

**242:** collapse of longitudinal arch: boat shaped foot
**©BARC**

**243:** concentric diaphyseal remodelling of most phalanges: destruction and atrophy of distal ends of metatarsi
**©BARC**

**244:** Cuneiform collapse: Plantar displacement of Navicular with destruction of distal joint surface.
**©BARC**

**245:** truncation of foot with destruction of intermediate and distal phalanges: talar/calcaneal joint damage
**©BARC**

**246:** reduced to rounded stumps: loss of phalanges, metatarsals: fusion and collapse of tarsals:
**©BARC**

**247:** diffuse atrophy of distal phalanges: concentric diaphyseal remodelling proximal phalanges, especially hallux,
**©BARC**

**248:** collapse of longitudinal arch
**©BARC**

**249:** Both reduced to stumps, with loss of all phalanges, concentric diaphyseal remodelling metatarsals and fusion of tarsals: left calcaneus absorbing
**©BARC**

**250:** diffuse atrophy of tarsals and metatarsals: fusion of joints: loss of most distal phalanges
**©BARC**

**251:** Loss of distal phalanges: advanced concentric diaphyseal remodelling of metatarsals and proximal phalanges
**©BARC**

**252:** collapse of longitudinal arch: concentric diaphyseal remodelling and contraction deformation of phalanges
**©BARC**

**253:** Gross enlargement of soft tissues of foot es[pecially around hallux: destruction and concentric diaphyseal remodelling of all Phalanges:
**©BARC**

**254:** Collapse of longitudinal arch: gross thickening of sole: concentric diaphyseal remodelling and destruction of all phalanges and distal of metatarsals
**©BARC**

**255:** destruction and concentric diaphyseal remodelling of phalanges
**©BARC**

**256:** destruction and concentric diaphyseal remodelling of phalanges and metatarsals: collapse of longitudinal arch: Thickening of sole
**©BARC**

**257:** Talus destroyed: of the rest of the foot only calcaneus remains.
**©BARC**

**258:** concentric diaphyseal remodelling and destruction of phalanges
**©BARC**

**259:** diffuse atrophy of phalanges and distal metatarsals
**©BARC**

**260:** Light deposits of new bone along shafts of tibia and fibula
**©BARC**

**261:** Heavy deposits of new bone along shafts of tibia and fibula
**©BARC**

**262:** Light deposits of new bone along shafts of tibia and fibula
**©BARC**

**263:** Gross soft tissue swelling of calf: new bone deposition on tibia and fibula: ulcer producing notch in anterior tibia
**©BARC**

**264:** Gross soft tissue swelling of calf: new bone deposition on tibia and fibula
**©BARC**

**265:** collapse of mid-third of face: poor radiograph angulation
**©BARC**

**266:** claw hands with destruction of distal phalanges
**©BARC**

**267:** Light deposits of new bone along shafts of tibia and fibula
**©BARC**

**268:** collapse of longitudinal arch:destruction of phalanges
**©BARC**

**269:** advanced concentric diaphyseal remodelling of metatarsals and phalanges
**©BARC**

**270:** collapse of mid-third of face
**©BARC**

**271:** loss of most distal and intermediate phalanges: concentric diaphyseal remodelling proximal phalanges
**©BARC**

**272:** soft tissue swelling of one leg
**©BARC**

**273:** no overt pathology
**©BARC**

**274:** spur on lower surface of left calcaneus, otherwise no overt pathology
**©BARC**

**275:** no overt pathology
**©BARC**

**276:** no overt pathology
**©BARC**

**277:** thickening of right fibula, otherwise no overt pathology
**©BARC**

**278:** no overt pathology
**©BARC**

**279:** collapse of mid-third of face
**©BARC**

**280:** claw hands: loss of most phalanges on left hand
**©BARC**

**281:** loss of phalanges
**©BARC**

**282:** advanced concentric diaphyseal remodelling/ loss of phalanges
**©BARC**

**283:** concentric diaphyseal remodelling phalanges and metatarsals: collapse of longitudinal arch: contraction deformation and elevation of toes
**©BARC**

**284:** concentric diaphyseal remodelling phalanges and metatarsals: collapse of longitudinal arch: contraction deformation and elevation of toes
**©BARC**

**285:** loss of anterior nasal spine: early collapse of mid-third of face
**©BARC**

**286:** poor radiograph
**©BARC**

**287:** poor radiograph: early depression of mid-third of face?
**©BARC**

**288:** loss of p[halanges: collapse of longitudinal arch: absortion of left calcaneus
**©BARC**

**289:** destruction of phalanges:advanced concentric diaphyseal remodelling of metatarsals
**©BARC**

**290:** poor radiograph
**©BARC**

**291:** claw hands: concentric diaphyseal remodelling/destruction of all phalanges
**©BARC**

**292:** early claw hands
**©BARC**

**293:** gross destruction/concentric diaphyseal remodelling of phalanges and most metatarsals
**©BARC**

**294:** collapse of longitudinal arch: destruction of most phalanges
**©BARC**

**295:** poor radiograph
**©BARC**

**296:** poor radiograph: early depression of mid-third of face?
**©BARC**

**297:** claw hand left: diffuse atrophy of distal phalanges
**©BARC**

**298:** contraction deformity of 2nd and third toes of left foot with concentric diaphyseal remodelling of phalanges
**©BARC**

**299:** collapse of longitudinal arches: concentric diaphyseal remodelling of phalanges
**©BARC**

**300:** early collapse of mid-third of face
**©BARC**

**301:** no overt pathology
**©BARC**

**302:** anterior nasal spine present: upper anterior teeth mobile, otherwise edentulous: periodontal disease
**©BARC**

**303:** left hand - loss of all phalanges, advanced concentric diaphyseal remodelling of metacarpals: right hand - complete loss of metacatrpals 2-5, fusion of carpals
**©BARC**

**304:** pointed foot, with loss of all phalanges and metacarpals in rays 4,5: concentric diaphyseal remodelling metatarsals 1-3
**©BARC**

**305:** soft tissue wasting
**©BARC**

**306:** loss of all upper teeth: loss of anterior nasal spine
**©BARC**

**307:** early claw hand on Right
**©BARC**

**308:** loss of most distal phalanges:: concentric diaphyseal remodelling and joint fusion of metatarsals
**©BARC**

**309:** below knee amputation of left leg
**©BARC**

**310:** early destruction of distal phalanges
**©BARC**

**311:** early clawing of left hand
**©BARC**

**312:** loss of anterior nasal spine
**©BARC**

**313:** early loss of distal phalanges
**©BARC**

**314:** loss of right second toe
**©BARC**

**315:** no overt pathology
**©BARC**

**316:** loss of anterior maxilla: anterior nasal spine still present
**©BARC**

**317:** loss/concentric diaphyseal remodelling of all phalanges: fusion of metatarso-phalangeal joints:
**©BARC**

**318:** destruction of all phalanges
**©BARC**

**319:** destruction/concentric diaphyseal remodelling of distal phalanges
**©BARC**

**320:** no overt pathology
**©BARC**

**321:** loss of upper anterior teeth: anterior nasal spine present
**©BARC**

**322:** right foot - destruction/concentric diaphyseal remodelling of intermediate and distal phalanges
**©BARC**

**323:** early destruction of distal phalanges
**©BARC**

**324:** no overt pathology
**©BARC**

**325:** no overt pathology
**©BARC**

**326:** loss of anterior nasal spine
**©BARC**

**327:** destruction/concentric diaphyseal remodelling of intermediate and distal phalanges: loss of proximal phalanges Rt rays 2,4
**©BARC**

**328:** no overt pathology
**©BARC**

**329:** loss of anterior nasal spine
**©BARC**

**330:** destruction of most phalanges: concentric diaphyseal remodelling of metatarsals : loss of ray 3 of left foot
**©BARC**

**331:** early claw hands: concentric diaphyseal remodelling of 3 phalanges of left hand
**©BARC**

**332:** irregular sub periosteal bone deposition
**©BARC**

**333:** right foot - loss of rays 1,2: concentric diaphyseal remodelling of remaining phalanges
**©BARC**

**334:** concentric diaphyseal remodelling and contraction deformation of toes: collapse of longitudinal arch
**©BARC**

**335:** claw hands: subluxation of joints
**©BARC**

**336:** no overt pathology
**©BARC**

**337:** loss of anterior nasal spine
**©BARC**

**338:** loss of anterior nasal spine
**©BARC**

**339:** left foot - Boat-shaped: Both feet show collapse of longitudinal arch and destrruction of phalanges
**©BARC**

**340:** advanced concentric diaphyseal remodelling of metatarsals and phalanges
**©BARC**

**341:** destruction of most phalanges:
**©BARC**

**342:** no overt pathology
**©BARC**

**343:** collapse of mid-third of face
**©BARC**

**344:** clubbing of right foot, with loss of all phalanges and distal of metatarsals, absorbtion and rounding of calcaneus: left foot- earlier stage, some tarsals still present
**©BARC**

**345:** clubbing of right foot, with loss of all phalanges and distal of metatarsals, absorbtion and rounding of calcaneus: left foot- earlier stage, some tarsals still present
**©BARC**

**346:** left foot - diffuse atrophy and concentric diaphyseal remodelling of phalanges and metatarsals, fusion of tarsals: right foot - conglomerate of fused tarsals
**©BARC**

**347:** claw hands: left worse than Rt
**©BARC**

**348:** no overt pathology
**©BARC**

**349:** no overt pathology
**©BARC**

**350:** claw hands: destruction/concentric diaphyseal remodelling of phalanges of right hand
**©BARC**

**351:** diffuse atrophy with fusion of tarsals: concentric diaphyseal remodelling/destruction of phalanges: concentric diaphyseal remodelling of metatarsals
**©BARC**

**352:** right foot- boat-shaped, with destruction of most phalanges: left foot - destruction less dramatic
**©BARC**

**353:** no overt pathology
**©BARC**

**354:** early clawing of right hand, rays 4,5
**©BARC**

**355:** no overt pathology
**©BARC**

**356:** extreme contraction deformation and elevation of phalanges: subluxation of phalangeal joints
**©BARC**

**357:** advanced concentric diaphyseal remodelling of metatarsals and phalanges
**©BARC**

**358:** destruction of distal phalanges and lateral deviation of toes 2-5
**©BARC**

**359:** loss of bone around upper incisors: anterior nasal spine present: periodontal disease rather than leprosy?
**©BARC**

**360:** loss of anterior nasal spine: absorbtion of distal phalanges
**©BARC**

**361:** destruction of phalanges
**©BARC**

**362:** bone deposition distal tibia
**©BARC**

**363:** no overt pathology
**©BARC**

**364:** claw hands: loss of all phalanges Ray 5 of both hands:
**©BARC**

**365:** loss of anterior nasal spine
**©BARC**

**366:** no overt pathology
**©BARC**

**367:** clubbing of right foot, left less damaged: destruction and loss of phalanges: absorbtion and rounding of calcaneus on Right foot
**©BARC**

**368:** loss of anterior nasal spine
**©BARC**

**369:** severe collapse of mid third of face
**©BARC**

**370:** early clawing of right hand
**©BARC**

**371:** collapse of longitudinal arch and loss of some phalanges
**©BARC**

**372:** concentric diaphyseal remodelling/destruction of all phalanges: diffuse atrophy of distal ends of metatarsals
**©BARC**

**373:** no overt pathology
**©BARC**

**374:** bony deposition on tibs & fibs
**©BARC**

**375:** loss of ray 5 on both feet: concentric diaphyseal remodelling of phalanges on right foot: erosion of distal end of right metatarsal 4
**©BARC**

**376:** right hand - loss of intermediate and distal phalanges and proximal phalanx ray 4:
**©BARC**

**377:** loss of anterior nasal spine
**©BARC**

**378:** severe collapse of mid third of face
**©BARC**

**379:** claw hands: absorbtion of intermediate and distal phalanges
**©BARC**

**380:** no overt pathology
**©BARC**

**381:** mobility of upper incisors: anterior nasal spine present: periodontal disease rather than leprosy?
**©BARC**

**382:** right hand - loss of intermediate and distal phalanges of Ray 3, loss of distal phalanges Rays 2,5
**©BARC**

**383:** bone deposition distal tibs and fibs
**©BARC**

**384:** loss of anterior nasal spine
**©BARC**

**385:** early claw hands: subluxation of joints of phalanges of ray 5 on both hands
**©BARC**

**386:** no overt pathology
**©BARC**

**387:** early loss of anterior nasal spine
**©BARC**

**388:** loss of fingers from both hands: concentric diaphyseal remodelling of phalanges
**©BARC**

**389:** no overt pathology
**©BARC**

**390:** right foot - reduced to stump of fused tarsals: left foot - loss of Hallux, contraction deformation of phalanges
**©BARC**

**391:** right foot - reduced to stump of fused tarsals: left foot - collapse of longitudinal arch, contraction deformation of phalanges
**©BARC**

**392:** depressed middle third of face
**©BARC**

**393:** left foot - absorbtion of all metatarsals and phalanges: right foot - concentric diaphyseal remodelling of metatarsals and phalanges, less advanced than left foot
**©BARC**

**394:** left foot - destruction of anterior third of foot: right foot - collapse of longitudinal arch
**©BARC**

**395:** early loss of anterior nasal spine
**©BARC**

**396:** claw hands, left shows joint subluxation: right shows destruction of many phalanges
**©BARC**

**397:** left shows bony deposition on tib & fib
**©BARC**

**398:** destruction of antero-lateral aspect of foot including phalanges and distal ends of metatarsals of rays 2-5
**©BARC**

**399:** destruction of antero-lateral aspect of foot including phalanges and distal ends of metatarsals of rays 2-5
**©BARC**

**400:** diffuse atrophy of phalanges of rays 2-5
**©BARC**

**401:** loss of tarsals of ray 4: diffuse atrophy of remaining phalanges with ankylosis of joint of hallux
**©BARC**

**402:** right foot - loss of distal half of fifth metatarsal and its phalanges: left foot - atrophy and collapse of phalanges of rays 2-5
**©BARC**

**403:** impossible to interpret
**©BARC**

**404:** concentric diaphyseal remodelling and destruction of rays 4, 5.
**©BARC**

**405:** diffuse destruction and atrophy of rays 4,5
**©BARC**

**406:** tib&fib periosteal new bone:loss of most phalanges: pencilling of metatarsals: Fusion of tarso/metatarsal joints
**©BARC**

**407:** both feet reduced to stumps: collapse of arches: tarsal bars
**©BARC**

**408:** both feet reduced to stumps, remnants show concentric diaphyseal remodelling of 3 left metatarsals
**©BARC**

**409:** clawed hands: loss of two fingers from each hand:
**©BARC**

**410:** loss of anterior nasal spine
**©BARC**

**411:** some new bone formation
**©BARC**

**412:** no overt pathology
**©BARC**

**413:** feet reduced to stumps: advanced concentric diaphyseal remodelling of all metatarsals
**©BARC**

**414:** loss of upper anterior teeth
**©BARC**

**415:** right hand - loss of all fingers
**©BARC**

**416:** early loss of anterior nasal spine: collapse of mid third of face: anterior teeth loosening
**©BARC**

**417:** loss of all phalanges: collapse of longitudinal arch
**©BARC**

**418:** concentric diaphyseal remodelling of all phalanges
**©BARC**

**419:** loss of intermediate and distal phalanges: flexion contracture
**©BARC**

**420:** new bone on tibia & fibula
**©BARC**

**421:** loss of ALL metatarsals and phalanges: fusion of carpals
**©BARC**

**422:** subluxation of Metatarso/phalangeal joints
**©BARC**

**423:** subluxation of Metatarso/phalangeal joints
**©BARC**

**424:** thickening and destruction of intermediate and distal phalanges of ray 3
**©BARC**

**425:** Swelling of 4th finger with destruction of its phalanges: destruction of intermediate and distal phalanges of rays 2,3
**©BARC**

**426:** Loss of 4th finger: destruction of distal phalanges of rays 2,3
**©BARC**

**427:** clawing of hand: subluxation of phalangeal joints with cupping: swelling of 1st finger, with destruction of intermediate and distal phalanges
**©BARC**

**428:** absortion of distal phalanges: destruction and concentric diaphyseal remodelling of right metacarpal 5 with distraction and reduction of digit 5
**©BARC**

**429:** destruction of intermediate and distal phalanges of ray 2 of both hands: erosion of most distal phalanges
**©BARC**

**430:** loss of most intermediate and distal phalanges: concentric diaphyseal remodelling of proximal phalanges
**©BARC**

**431:** concentric diaphyseal remodelling of all proximal phalanges: destruction of all intermediate and distal phalanges
**©BARC**

**432:** displaced fracture of distal ulna: destruction of all carpals: destruction of distal third Metacarpal 3:atrophy of intermediate and distal phalanges
**©BARC**
$displaced fracture of distal ulna: destruction of all carpals: destruction of distal third Metacarpal 3:atrophy of intermediate and distal phalanges$

**433:** right hand shows destruction and fusion of inter-phalangeal joints
**©BARC**

**434:** early claw hand deformity: diffuse atrophy and fusion of carpals
**©BARC**

**435:** concentric diaphyseal remodelling of all proximal phalanges: destruction of intermediate and distal phalanges
**©BARC**

**436:** absorbtion and loss of all intermediate and distal phalanges
**©BARC**

**437:** claw hand with subluxation and damage to phalangeal joints
**©BARC**

**438:** claw hands with destruction of all phalanges
**©BARC**

**439:** destruction of all phalanges
**©BARC**

**440:** left hand - destruction of all carpals: displaced fracture of distal ulna: destruction of distal of metacarpal 3 (cf radiograph 633): right hand - loss of all phalanges
**©BARC**
$left hand - destruction of all carpals: displaced fracture of distal ulna: destruction of distal of metacarpal 3 (cf radiograph 633): right hand - loss of all phalanges$

**441:** Hands reduced to stumps: loss of all phalanges: severe concentric diaphyseal remodelling of metacarpals: fusion of carpals
**©BARC**

**442:** lost most of 4th digit: contraction deformation and elevation of toes: collapsed arch: dorsal tarsal bars
**©BARC**

**443:** Ulcer below heel: new bone on calcaneus: concentric diaphyseal remodelling metatarsals: loss of phalanges: disruption of many joints
**©BARC**

**444:** collapsed arch: dorsal tarsal bars: destruction of metatarsals 2-5: loss of proximal ends of proximal phalanges
**©BARC**

**445:** loss of phalanges: concentric diaphyseal remodelling metatarsals: deep ulcer of heel, bony crater in calcaneus
**©BARC**

**446:** boat shaped foot: destruction of most phalanges: contraction of toes
**©BARC**

**447:** destruction of metatarsal 5 concentric diaphyseal remodelling of remaining phalanges:
**©BARC**

**448:** destruction of phalanges of metatarsal 5: concentric diaphyseal remodelling of metatarsal 5: contraction deformation of toes
**©BARC**

**449:** collapse of longitudinal arch and destruction of some phalanges
**©BARC**

**450:** maxillary anteriors mobile, anterior nasal spine present: gross periodontal disease, not leprosy?
**©BARC**

**451:** no overt pathology
**©BARC**

**452:** bony deposition on tibs & fibs
**©BARC**

**453:** early loss of anterior nasal spine
**©BARC**

**454:** loss of anterior nasal spine
**©BARC**

**455:** loss of anterior nasal spine, anterior maxilla and anterior teeth
**©BARC**

**456:** early changes of rhino-maxillary syndrome
**©BARC**

**457:** early changes of rhino-maxillary syndrome
**©BARC**

**458:** early changes of rhino-maxillary syndrome
**©BARC**

**459:** early changes of rhino-maxillary syndrome
**©BARC**

**460:** early changes of rhino-maxillary syndrome
**©BARC**

**461:** loss of anterior nasal spine, anterior maxilla and anterior teeth
**©BARC**

Copyright Information

Creative Commons Licence

The material contained in this website unless otherwise stated is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License.

Disclaimer

Although care has been taken to ensure that all the information contained in this website is accurate on the stated date of publication, It is possible that the information may be out of date, incomplete or the opinion of the authors. It is advisable that you verify any information from this website before relying on it. BARC and JISC accepts no responsibility for the consequences of error or for any loss or damage suffered by users of any of the information and material contained on this website or any site you may access through this site.

Page last modified: Thursday, Feb 14th, 2013

Contact Information

Biological Anthropology Research Centre (BARC)
Archaeological Sciences
University of Bradford
Bradford
West Yorkshire
BD7 1DP
UK
Tel: +44 (0)1274 233531

Email BARC: J.Buckberry@Bradford.ac.uk

University of Bradford 2013